What is the policy of monolingualism?
A policy of favoring one language above the others is known as monolingualism or unilingualism. Sometimes, the favored language is a/the national language, sometimes it is a colonial language with a strong influence internationally. In some cases, such policies are accompanied by measures recognizing and protecting minority languages or indigenous languages (but not the other major languages which are then given other names such as "regional" languages).
This approach may be considered in two broadly different types of situations: where the official language is also the first language of the majority of the population, and where it is not.
Jurisdictions having such a policy include the following: Ă…land, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Azerbaijan, Brazil, California, Cambodia, Colombia, Cyprus, Croatia, East Timor, Egypt, Estonia, France, India, Iran, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Morocco, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, North Korea, Nepal, Peru, Republic of the Philippines, Poland, Quebec, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Voivodina.
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